The Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem: Models and Math-Based Heuristics

The Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem: Models and Math-Based Heuristics

Multi-echelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistic systems. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies as well as by companies to model their distribution systems. In the literature, most of the studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from their origins to their final destina...

Clustering-Based Heuristics for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem

The Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) is an extension of the classical VRP where the delivery from a single depot to customers is managed by routing and consolidating the freight through intermediate depots called satellites. We presented several meta-heuristics based on separating the first and second level routing problems and solving iteratively the two resulting routing subproble...

Multi-start Heuristics for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem

In this paper we address the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP), an extension of the classical Capacitated VRP, where the delivery from a single depot to the customers is managed by routing and consolidating the freight through intermediate depots called satellites. We present a family of Multi-Start heuristics based on separating the depot-to-satellite transfer and the satellite-to-c...

Models and Methods for the City Logistics: The Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

A multi-objective Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem for perishable products

This article addresses a general tri-objective two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP) to minimize the total travel cost, customers waiting times and carbon dioxide emissions simultaneously in distributing perishable products. In distributing perishable products, customers’ satisfaction is very important and is inversely proportional to the customers waiting times. The propose...